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The Evolution Site The theory of natural selection as the underlying principle of evolution is the central force in the field of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology, and palaeontology. However the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people about its fundamentals. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the results of natural selection. This is a process that increases the number of organisms with beneficial traits, which enable them to live and reproduce in certain environments. They produce more offspring because of their positive characteristics. This could result in a genetic mutation that could eventually result in new species. The term “evolution” is often ascribed to the notion of “survival of the fittest” which means that people who are the most adapted to a specific set of environmental conditions will be more successful than those who are not well-adapted. In reality it is only one of the many ways that evolution could occur. Another way to use the word evolution is to suggest that a species are able to move from one stage to the next. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic or cladogenesis. This view is not supported by the scientific definition of evolution. The scientific theory of evolutionary change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result mutations which result in natural selection and genetic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this idea. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was the only way in which the higher forms of living could have evolved. For a concept to be referred to as a theory, it must be capable of surviving rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence of evolution has stood the test of time and has been backed by numerous studies in many scientific disciplines, ranging from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is a fundamental concept in science and is supported by the majority of scientists across the globe. However, there are many misconceptions about the nature of the theory of evolution, and particularly how it relates to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation for how living things change over time. It is based on a range of well-established observations: that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive in the long run; that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype); that different traits have different rates of reproduction and survival and can be passed down to future generations. These observations are supported by the growing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology functional morphology, climatology, and geology. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived the theory of evolution by selection in the mid-19th century as a way to explain how organisms are able to adapt to their physical and biologic environments. It is today the most supported and most widely tested theory in all of science. Its predictions have been proved out by the fact that, for example more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition the more successful an organism is at surviving and reproducing and reproducing, the more likely it is to pass its genes to future generations. Some people object to evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no reason to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious believers, such as the prominent Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution isn't just compatible with faith in God but is enhanced by it (BioLogos 2014). In actual fact, a significant number of highly trained evolutionary biologists, including some who are respected evangelical Christian leaders have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding of a broad range of phenomena, including genomics and phylogenetics and also the formation and function of fossils. The word “theory”, which is often misinterpreted is a reference to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over time. Scientists test their theories by repeating experiments or observations that have led to them. Thus the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly confirmed along with the related theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual shift in the proportions of genetically different individuals within a species over time. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are more adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes are more prevalent in the population. This is often referred to as “survival of the most fittest.” According to the theory of evolution, mutations that lead to genomic variation are what triggers evolutionary change. These mutations could occur at random or under the influence of the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele may vary from generation to generation. When a mutation is beneficial it will increase the frequency of alleles and cause the allele to spread throughout the population. Over time, these changes in allele frequencies can lead to the formation of new species. The new species will then evolve and develop into newer forms. This process is known as macroevolution. The creation of new species is typically caused by changes in the environment, that make certain resources accessible or creates new environmental challenges. The evolution of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example is due to the availability of fresh food and the necessity to defend themselves against predators. In a larger sense it is any change that occurs in the nature of living organisms over time. The change could be subtle, such as the development of new colors or dramatic, like the formation of an organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally agree on the importance of genetic changes in the process of generating evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution happens over a long time, often millions of years. They differ on the importance of different factors that may speed up or slow down this process. For instance, the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and that the evidence to prove it is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Throughout the years since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence that supports his theory of evolution. This evidence comes from fossils which show the evolution of organisms over time. Similarities between living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography and genetics are also evidence. The primary evidence of evolution can be found in the evolutionary tree, which illustrates how different species are related. 에볼루션게이밍 to prove it is homologous structures, which have similar structure in different species but have distinct functions such as the wings of bats and birds. Evolution is evident in the way that different species adapt and develop to similar environments. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans develop seasonal white pelts to blend into snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolutionary mechanism, which suggests the species shared common ancestors. Another piece of evidence is vestigial structures, which are unused parts of an organism that could have served a function in the distant ancestors. For example the human appendix is remnants of an earlier organ used to digest food. Natural selection causes these structures to shrink as they cease to be used. Scientists have also gathered other evidence of evolution via observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six different categories: directly observable changes at a small scale, biogeographic distributions and comparative anatomies fossil records, genetics. Each of these provides convincing evidence that evolution of life has occurred. Many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution. But, it's a fact. It isn't only a theory, it is a potent collection of years of research and observation that has been tested and proven. No matter what people believe or disbelieve about the theory of evolution scientists continue to study and discover new information in order to further understand the history of life on Earth. This information will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future global catastrophes, and how to use the resources available on our planet. It will also enable us to better serve the needs of all the people living on the planet.